Punjab PSC Sub Divisional Engineer Syllabus 2021 SDE Exam Pattern

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About Punjab PSC Sub Divisional Engineer Recruitment :

Punjab Public Service Commission has Recently Announced and Invited the Online Applications from the Eligible Candidates for the Posts of Sub Divisional Engineer. The total number of Vacancies for these Posts were 84 Posts. Many Interested and Eligible Candidates applied for these Posts online. The Process of Submission of Online Applications for these Posts was commenced from 09.04.2021 and Last Date to Apply for these Posts was 16.04.2021. Check the other details from below.

Origination Name	Punjab Public Service Commission
Name of Post	Sub Divisional Engineer
No. of Vacancy	84 Posts
Selection Process	Written Exam Interview
Exam Date	—
Application Submission Start Date	09.04.2021 By 11:59:00 PM
Last Date to Apply Online	16.04.2021 During Banking Hours

About Exam :

Punjab Public Service Commission will soon conduct the Written Exam for the Posts of Sub Divisional Engineer. Candidates who applied for these posts are now waiting for the Exam Dates, so that they can prepare for their Exam. There are many candidates who are Searching and Enquiring about the Exam Dates from the Various Sources. Exam Dates will be release soon on the official website of Punjab PSC.

Nowadays Competition Level become very high so Competitive Exams gets too tougher. Candidates facing critical problem of “What to prepare” and “How to prepare” to give their best in their exams. So, here we are providing the latest Syllabus & Exam Pattern.

Selection Process :

• Written Exam
• Interview

Exam Pattern :

Exam Pattern for the Written Exam is as Follows:-

• Exam Will be Objective Type.
• Questions will be in the form of Multiple Type Choice Questions.
• Total Number of Questions in this Exam will be 120.
• Maximum Marks for this Exam will be 300.
• Each Question will be of 2.5 marks.
• Time allocated for this Exam will be of 2 hours.
• There will be a Negative Marking of 0.5 marks for attempting the wrong answers.

Questions from the Subject (Syllabus of Subject is attached as ANNEXURE-A)	100	250 marks
Questions from Logical Reasoning, Mental ability and General Knowledge	20	50 Marks
Total questions	120	300 Marks

Exam Syllabus :

For Sub Divisional Engineers (Civil) In The Department Of Water Resources, Punjab :

1. SURVEY

• Different types of surveys. Selection of base line and stations, obstacles in chaining. Prismatic compass survey, local attraction and its elimination, adjustment of closing error, Plane Table Survey.
• Leveling, Contouring. Simple earth work calculations of areas and volumes.
• Theodolite: Different types of Theodolites, temporary & permanent adjustment, traversing with a Theodolite. Curves: Different types of curves, their degree and calculation of ordinates, and angles, their layout obstacles in curves.
• Tachometric Survey, Triangulation: Measurement of baseline, corrections for the baseline, selection of stations.
• GIS: Introduction, concepts and terminology, Utility, Data acquisition through scanners and digitizers, GPS: Introduction, working principle, various applications of GPS.
• Remote Sensing: Introduction, interaction of EMR with Earth Surface Working Principles

1.  BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION

• Building Stones, Bricks, lime, cement, timber: -General, classification, Qualities, Deterioration, Uses and Various tests.
• Paints and varnishes, Distempering, white and color washing; Asphalt and Bitumen,
• Masonry: Stone & Brick: Brick masonry, Bonds and junctions, Walling, Mud wall, Sun-dried bricks, burnt bricks, stones walling, load bearing & non load bearing brick masonry for multistoried constructions, brick panel walling, reinforced masonry. Low cost housing & hollow blocks. Damp proof course. Anti-termite treatment. Form Work and Scaffolding
• Foundations: Types and suitability. Mix Design – factors influencing mix proportion I.S. code method.Repair technology: – symptoms, evaluation of crack, repair of crack, types of repair, underwater repair. Strength of Concrete – Shrinkage and temperature effects – creep of concrete – Corrosion, Permeability and Durability: Permeability, sulphate attackconcrete.
• Introduction on Pre stressed Concrete:- Basic concepts, classification and types of prestressing,

2.  FLUID MECHANICS

• Fluid and their properties: Concept of fluid, Continuum concept of fluid: density, specific weight and relative density; viscosity and its dependence on temperature, vapour pressure and cavitation, compressibility and bulk modulus.
• Fluid Statics: Concept of pressure, Pascal’s law and its engineering hydrostatic paradox. Buoyancy and floatation, stability of floating and submerged bodies, Metacentric height and its determination, rotation of liquid in a cylindrical container.
• Fluid Kinematics: Classification of fluid flows, velocity and acceleration of fluid particle, local and convective acceleration, flow rate and discharge mean velocity continuity equation in Cartesian co- ordinates. . .
• Laminar and turbulent Flows: Flow regimes and Reynolds number, critical velocity and critical Reynolds number. Flow Measurement: Manometers, Pitot tubes, venturimenter

3.  HYDROLOGY

• Hydrologic cycle, Scope and applications precipitation. Measurement by rain gauge, Presentation of rainfall data, Estimation of messing rainfall data. Intensity-duration-frequency curves. Factors affecting evaporation. Evaporation measurement.
• Run Off: Factors affecting run off, Estimation of run-off.
• Hydrographs: Components, Base flow separation, Derivation of unit hydrograph and its applications.

4.  SOLID MECHANICS

• Simple Stresses and Strains, stress-strain curves for elastic materials, Hookes’ Law, Young’s modulus of elasticity, Bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity, temperature stresses, relation between elastic constants.
• Pure shear, principal stresses and Principal planes.
• Bending moment & shear force diagrams, Types of beams, supports and different types of loading. Relationship between Bending moment and Shear Force.
• Bending and Shear Stresses, assumption made in theory of simple bending.
• Torsion of shafts and springs, Power transmitted, sections subjected to combined bending and torsion, Deflection of Beams: Derivation of basic equation of elastic curve, deflection in beams with different end conditions and different loadings. Maxwel’s reciprocal theorem.
• Columns and Struts, Euler’s buckling loads for columns with different end conditions, limitations of Euler’s formula.

5.  TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

• Different modes of transportation. Road patterns. Classification of roads.
• Highway Plans, Highway Alignment and Surveys: Factors affecting alignment. Surveys for highway alignment.Cross Section Elements and Sight Distant Considerations, friction, carriageway, formation width, land width, camber, IRC recommended values. Types of terrain Design speed. Sight distant, stopping sight distant, overtaking sight distant, overtaking zones. Critical locations for sight distant.
• Design of Horizontal and Vertical Alignment, Design of super-elevation. Providing superelevation in the field. Type and length of transition.
• Highway Materials:Soil And Aggregates: Index properties of soil, soil classification, CBR test, plate bearing test. IRC/IS specification for suitability of aggregates.
• Types of bituminous materials: bitumen, tar, cutback and emulsions. Various tests, testing procedures and IRS/IS specifications for suitability of bituminous materials in road construction. Marshall method of mix design.Types of pavements. Flexible and rigid pavements. Components of a pavement and their functions.Group Index method, CBR method (including latest IRC guidelines).
• IRC guidelines for determination of thickness of a rigid pavement. Spacingof expansion and contraction joints.
• Highway Construction : Non-Bituminous Pavements. Compacting equipments. Construction steps of Earth roads, Gravel roads, WBM roads, WMM, Construction of Cement concrete pavements. Construction of Bituminous Pavements: Various types of bituminous constructions. Prime coat, tack coat, seal coat and surface dressing. Highway Maintenance: Flexible and Cement concrete pavement failures. Highway drainage, Surface drainage: types, brief design. Types of sub-surface drainage.
• Highway Economics and FinanceMethods of economic evaluation: benefit cost ratio method, net present value method.

6.  CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY

• Cost Analysis and Contract: Type of costs, cost time relationships, determining the minimum total cost of project, Resource scheduling.
• Construction Equipment and Machinery: Tractors, bull dozers, rippers, scrappers, power shovels, dragline, hoes. Factorsaffecting selection of each equipment, economic life of equipment,maintenance and repaircost.
• Hoisting & Transporting Equipments: Hosts, Winches, Cranes, Belt conveyors, Ropeways, trucks &Wagons.Plants for grading, batching, mixing, types of mixers, concrete pumps, bitumen plants.

7.  STRUCTURE ANALYSIS

• Classification of structure, support conditions, Equations of static equilibrium, Degree of static and kinematic indeterminacy, Maxwell reciprocal theorem.
• Determination of forces in member of truss by method of joints and method of sections.Construction of Influence lines for reaction, shear forces and bending moment for simply supported, overhauling and compound beams.
• Analysis of three hinged parabolic, circular arch at same level and different level support. Cables and suspension bridges:- shape of a loaded cable, cable carrying point loads and UDL.
• Analysis of fixed beams, continuous beams, fixed end moments due to different types of loadings,
• Bending moment and shear force diagrams for fixed beams, slope and deflection of fixed beams, analysis of continuous beams by the three moment equation (Clapeyron’s theorem).
• Parabolic and circular two hinged Arches, Bending Moment Diagram for various loadings, Temperature effects.

8.  WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING

• Water demand, per capita demand and variation in demand. population forecasting.
• Sources of water supply: surface and underground sources, development of wells, storage reservoir- balancing and service storage, capacity determination. Intake and transmission system distribution systems.
• Necessity for examination of water impurities in water, sampling of water, physical, chemical and bacteriological quality for domestic water supply.
• System of water supply houses connections, internal distribution, and sanitary fittings pipe joints, different types of pipes and pipes materials.
• Water treatment: unit operations in water treatment screening, sedimentation,coagulation, flocculation, sand filtration-slow, rapid, gravity and pressure filters. Methods of water treatment, aeration, taste and odor control iron and manganese removal water softening processes

9.  ESTIMATION AND COSTING

• Different kinds of estimates, different methods of estimation, Estimating of Plastering, White- washing, Distempering and painting, doors and windows, lump sum items, Estimates of canals, roads etc.
• Necessity of specifications, types of specifications, general specifications, specification for bricks, Cement, sand, water, lime, reinforcement; Detailed specifications for Earthwork, Cement, concrete, brick work, floorings, D.P.C., R.C.C., Cement plastering.
• Rate Analysis: Purpose, importance and requirements of rate analysis, preparation of rate analysis, procedure of rate analysis for items of Earthwork, concrete works, R.C.C. works, reinforced brick work, plastering, painting, finishing(white-washing, distempering).
• Public Works Account: Introduction, function of P.W. department, contract, guidelines, types of contracts, their advantages and disadvantages, Tender and acceptance of tender, Earnest money, security money, retention money, measurement book, cash book, preparation, examination and payment of bills, first and final bills, administrative sanction, technical sanction.

10.  IRRIGATION ENGINEERING

• Water requirements of crops, factors affecting water requirement, consumptive use of water, water depth or delta and crop relation, Duty of water, relation between delta, duty and base period, Soil crop relation-ship and soil fertility. Sprinkler irrigation, Planning of sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation.Classifications of canals. Canal alignment. Silt theories-Kennedy’s theory, Lacey’s theory. Design of unlined canals based on Kennedy &Lacey’s theories.
• Lined Canals, Types of lining, selection of type of lining, Economics of lining, maintenance of lined
• canals, silt removal, strengthening of channel banks, and measurement of discharge in channels. Losses In Canals, Water Logging And Drainage Losses. Drainage of land.
• Tube -Well Irrigation. Types of tube -wells -strainer type, cavity type and slotted type. Yield or discharge of a tube well. Design of Guide Banks. Groynes or spurs – their design and classification.
• Investigation and Preparation Of Irrigation Projects: Classification of project, Project preparation- investigations, Design of works and drawings, Economics & financing of irrigation works. Theories of Seepage: Seepage force and exit gradient, salient features of Bligh’s Creep theoryand Khosla’s theory, Determination of uplift. Pressures and floor thickness.
• Design of Weirs: Weirs versus barrage, design considerations with respect to surface flow, hydraulic jump and seepage flow.Dissipation Devices: Use of hydraulic jump in energy dissipation.
• Diversion Head Works: Functions and investigations: component parts of a diversion head work, silt control devices.
• Distributary Regulators: Off-take alignment, cross-regulators. Distributary head regulators. Canal Falls: Necessity and location, types of falls and their description.
• Cross-Drainage works: Definitions, choice of type, Hydraulic design consideration, Aqueducts their types and design, siphon aqueducts – their types and design considerations. Canal Out-lets: Essential requirements, classifications, criteria for outlet behaviors.

11.  STEEL STRUCTURAL DESIGN

• Structural steels and their specifications, design specifications as per IS: 800.
• Riveted/Bolted Connection: Riveting and bolting, their types, failure of riveted joint, efficiency of a joint, stresses in bolts
• Welded Connection: Types of welded joints, design of welded joint subjected to axial loads.
• Axially loaded columns, effective length, slenderness ratio, allowable stresses, generalspecifications, design of axially loaded members.
• Tension Members: Types of tension members, net area, net effective area for angles, tees, design of tension members.
• Flexural Members (Beams): Design criteria, permissible stresses, laterally supported beams and their design, web buckling, web crippling.
• Design of Steel Roof Truss: design of members for the given loads
• Plate Girders: Introduction, weight and economic depth, design of flanges and web. Intermediate and bearing stiffeners.
• Design of steel foot bridge with parallel booms, carrying wooden decking using welded joints.

12.  CONCRETE STRUCTURE DESIGN

• Reinforced concrete, definition, properties of materials, grades of concrete and reinforcing steel, stress-strain curves, permissible stresses, concrete structural systems-slabs, beams, columns and foundations, design philosophies working stress design, ultimate strength and limit state design method.
• Limit State Design Method: Introduction, Limit States, Characteristic values, characteristic strength, characteristic loads, design values for materials and loads, factored loads.
• Limit State Of Collapse (Flexure). Type of failures and assumptions for analysis. Analysis of beams: Moment of Resistance. Limit State Of Collapse (Shear, bond and torsion)
• Limit State Of Serviceability. Deflection, effective span to effective depth ratio, modification factors. Analysis and design of one and two way slabs. Design of axially loaded Short columns. Flats Slabs: Advantages and disadvantages of flat Slabs, Action of Flat Slab. Analysis and design of square, rectangular and circular foundation. Overhead tanks, intze type tanks and their design including staging and foundation.

13.  GEOTECHNOLOGY (SOIL ENGINEERING)

• Basic Soil Properties:weight-volume relationships, soil grain properties, soil aggregate properties, grain size analysis, sieve analysis, sedimentation analysis, grain size distribution curves, consistency of soils, consistency limits and their determination.
• Classification of soils, classification on the basis of grain size, classification on the basis of plasticity.Permeability of Soils, Darcy’s law and its validity, discharge velocity and seepage velocity, factors affecting permeability.
• Compaction: laboratory determination of optimum moisture content, moisture density relationship, compaction in field, compaction of cohesionless soils, moderately cohesive soils and clays, field control of compaction.
• Compressibility and Consolidation: components of total settlement, consolidation process, one- dimensional consolidation test, typical void ratio-pressure relationships for sands and clays, normally consolidated and over consolidated clays. Terzaghi’s theory of one-dimensional primary consolidation. Determination of coefficients of consolidation.
• Shear Strength: relationship between principal stresses at failure, shear tests, direct shear test, unconfined compression test, tri-axial compression tests, drainage conditions and strength parameters. Soil Investigation: Object of soil investigation for new and existing structures. Depth ofexploration for different structures. Types of soil sample. Open Drive samples, Stationery piston sampler,Bore Hole log for S.P.T.
• Earth Pressure. lateralearth pressure. Earth pressure at rest. Rankine states of plastic equilibrium, Ka and Kp forhorizontal backfills.
• Ultimate bearing capacity, safe bearing capacity and allowable bearing capacity of soil Rankine’sanalysis and Terzaghi’s analysis.Types of failures. Plate Load test andstandard penetrationTest.
• Caissons and Wells: Major areas of use of caissons, pneumatic caissons. Essential part of a pneumatic caisson. Components of a wellfoundation.Calculation of allowable bearing pressure. Conditions for stability of a well, Forcesacting on a well foundation. Computation of scour depth.
• Earth Pressure: Earth Pressures at rest condition, states of plastic equilibrium, Rankine and Coulomb’s theories for active and passive conditions, Influence of surcharge, water table, wall friction, Rehbann’s and Culmann’s graphical methods, open cuts, Retaining Walls.
• Stability of Slopes: Infinite slope, types of failure, total and effective stress analysis, Taylor’s stability numbers.

14.  WASTE WATER ENGINEERING

• Sewerage system: Generation and Estimation of Community Sewage; Flow variations; Storm Water flow; Flow measurement in open channels; Alternate systems for sewage collection and conveyance;
• Drains and sewers; Sewer appurtenances; Construction and Maintenance of sewers; Sewage pumping and pumping stations. Characterizationof sewage: Parameters for characterization; Sampling, testing. BOD and BOD kinetics.
• Treatment of sewage:Basic principles of sewage treatment, primary treatment units. Sedimentation tanks, Handling and disposal – thickening, stabilization, dewatering, drying and disposal.Sewage treatment units design: Designof grit chamber, primary and secondary clarifiers, ASP, TF, stabilization ponds.
• Treated disposal into surface water bodies; Reuse for irrigation and aqua-culturing; Land disposal; Disposal through injection into groundwater; effluent standards Low cost sanitation systems– Imhoff tanks, septic tank – soakage pit/soil absorption systems;

For Sub Divisional Engineers (Civil) In Punjab Water Resources Management Development Corporation, Punjab :

1. SURVEY

• Different types of surveys. Selection of base line and stations, obstacles in chaining. Prismatic compass survey, local attraction and its elimination, adjustment of closing error, Plane Table Survey.
• Leveling, Contouring. Simple earth work calculations of areas and volumes.
• Theodolite: Different types of Theodolites, temporary & permanent adjustment, traversing with a Theodolite. Curves: Different types of curves, their degree and calculation of ordinates, and angles, their layout obstacles in curves.
• Tachometric Survey, Triangulation: Measurement of baseline, corrections for the baseline, selection of stations.
• GIS: Introduction, concepts and terminology, Utility, Data acquisition through scanners and digitizers,
• GPS: Introduction, working principle, various applications of GPS.
• Remote Sensing: Introduction, interaction of EMR with Earth Surface Working Principles

1.  BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION

• Building Stones, Bricks, lime, cement, timber: -General, classification, Qualities, Deterioration, Uses and Various tests.
• Paints and varnishes, Distempering, white and color washing; Asphalt and Bitumen,
• Masonry: Stone & Brick: Brick masonry, Bonds and junctions, Walling, Mud wall, Sun-dried bricks, burnt bricks, stones walling, load bearing & non load bearing brick masonry for multistoried constructions, brick panel walling, reinforced masonry. Low cost housing & hollow blocks. Damp proof course. Anti-termite treatment. Form Work and Scaffolding
• Foundations: Types and suitability. Mix Design – factors influencing mix proportion I.S. code method.Repair technology: – symptoms, evaluation of crack, repair of crack, types of repair, underwater repair. Strength of Concrete – Shrinkage and temperature effects – creep of concrete – Corrosion, Permeability and Durability: Permeability, sulphate attackconcrete.
• Introduction on Pre stressed Concrete:- Basic concepts, classification and types of prestressing,

2.  FLUID MECHANICS

• Fluid and their properties: Concept of fluid, Continuum concept of fluid: density, specific weight and relative density; viscosity and its dependence on temperature, vapour pressure and cavitation, compressibility and bulk modulus.
• Fluid Statics: Concept of pressure, Pascal’s law and its engineering hydrostatic paradox. Buoyancy and floatation, stability of floating and submerged bodies, Metacentric height and its determination, rotation of liquid in a cylindrical container.
• Fluid Kinematics: Classification of fluid flows, velocity and acceleration of fluid particle, local and convective acceleration, flow rate and discharge mean velocity continuity equation in Cartesian co- ordinates. . .
• Laminar and turbulent Flows: Flow regimes and Reynolds number, critical velocity and critical Reynolds number. Flow Measurement: Manometers, Pitot tubes, venturimenter

3.  HYDROLOGY

• Hydrologic cycle, Scope and applications precipitation. Measurement by rain gauge, Presentation of rainfall data, Estimation of messing rainfall data. Intensity-duration-frequency curves. Factors affecting evaporation. Evaporation measurement.
• Run Off: Factors affecting run off, Estimation of run-off.
• Hydrographs: Components, Base flow separation, Derivation of unit hydrograph and its applications.

4.  SOLID MECHANICS

• Simple Stresses and Strains, stress-strain curves for elastic materials, Hookes’ Law, Young’s modulus of elasticity, Bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity, temperature stresses, relation between elastic constants.
• Pure shear, principal stresses and Principal planes.
• Bending moment & shear force diagrams, Types of beams, supports and different types of loading. Relationship between Bending moment and Shear Force.
• Bending and Shear Stresses, assumption made in theory of simple bending.
• Torsion of shafts and springs, Power transmitted, sections subjected to combined bending and torsion, Deflection of Beams: Derivation of basic equation of elastic curve, deflection in beams with different end conditions and different loadings. Maxwel’s reciprocal theorem.
• Columns and Struts, Euler’s buckling loads for columns with different end conditions, limitations of Euler’s formula.

5.  TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

• Different modes of transportation. Road patterns. Classification of roads.
• Highway Plans, Highway Alignment and Surveys: Factors affecting alignment. Surveys for highway alignment.Cross Section Elements and Sight Distant Considerations, friction, carriageway, formation width, land width, camber, IRC recommended values. Types of terrain Design speed. Sight distant, stopping sight distant, overtaking sight distant, overtaking zones. Critical locations for sight distant.
• Design of Horizontal and Vertical Alignment, Design of super-elevation. Providing superelevation in the field. Type and length of transition.
• Highway Materials:Soil And Aggregates: Index properties of soil, soil classification, CBR test, plate bearing test. IRC/IS specification for suitability of aggregates.
• Types of bituminous materials: bitumen, tar, cutback and emulsions. Various tests, testing procedures and IRS/IS specifications for suitability of bituminous materials in road construction. Marshall method of mix design.Types of pavements. Flexible and rigid pavements. Components
• of a pavement and their functions.Group Index method, CBR method (including latest IRC guidelines).
• IRC guidelines for determination of thickness of a rigid pavement. Spacingof expansion and contraction joints.
• Highway Construction : Non-Bituminous Pavements. Compacting equipments. Construction steps of Earth roads, Gravel roads, WBM roads, WMM, Construction of Cement concrete pavements. Construction of Bituminous Pavements: Various types of bituminous constructions. Prime coat, tack coat, seal coat and surface dressing. Highway Maintenance: Flexible and Cement concrete pavement failures. Highway drainage, Surface drainage: types, brief design. Types of sub-surface drainage.
• Highway Economics and FinanceMethods of economic evaluation: benefit cost ratio method, net present value method.

6.  CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY

• Cost Analysis and Contract: Type of costs, cost time relationships, determining the minimum total cost of project, Resource scheduling.
• Construction Equipment and Machinery: Tractors, bull dozers, rippers, scrappers, power shovels, dragline, hoes. Factorsaffecting selection of each equipment, economic life of equipment,maintenance and repaircost.
• Hoisting & Transporting Equipments: Hosts, Winches, Cranes, Belt conveyors, Ropeways, trucks &Wagons.Plants for grading, batching, mixing, types of mixers, concrete pumps, bitumen plants.

7.  STRUCTURE ANALYSIS

• Classification of structure, support conditions, Equations of static equilibrium, Degree of static and kinematic indeterminacy, Maxwell reciprocal theorem.
• Determination of forces in member of truss by method of joints and method of sections.Construction of Influence lines for reaction, shear forces and bending moment for simply supported, overhauling and compound beams.
• Analysis of three hinged parabolic, circular arch at same level and different level support. Cables and suspension bridges:- shape of a loaded cable, cable carrying point loads and UDL.
• Analysis of fixed beams, continuous beams, fixed end moments due to different types of loadings,
• Bending moment and shear force diagrams for fixed beams, slope and deflection of fixed beams, analysis of continuous beams by the three moment equation (Clapeyron’s theorem).
• Parabolic and circular two hinged Arches, Bending Moment Diagram for various loadings, Temperature effects.

8.  WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING

• Water demand, per capita demand and variation in demand. population forecasting.
• Sources of water supply: surface and underground sources, development of wells, storage
• reservoir-balancing and service storage, capacity determination. Intake and transmission system distribution systems.
• Necessity for examination of water impurities in water, sampling of water, physical, chemical and bacteriological quality for domestic water supply.
• System of water supply houses connections, internal distribution, and sanitary fittings pipe joints, different types of pipes and pipes materials.
• Water treatment: unit operations in water treatment screening, sedimentation,coagulation, flocculation, sand filtration-slow, rapid, gravity and pressure filters. Methods of water treatment, aeration, taste and odor control iron and manganese removal water softening processes

9.  ESTIMATION AND COSTING

• Different kinds of estimates, different methods of estimation, Estimating of Plastering, White- washing, Distempering and painting, doors and windows, lump sum items, Estimates of canals, roads etc.
• Necessity of specifications, types of specifications, general specifications, specification for bricks, Cement, sand, water, lime, reinforcement; Detailed specifications for Earthwork, Cement, concrete, brick work, floorings, D.P.C., R.C.C., Cement plastering.
• Rate Analysis: Purpose, importance and requirements of rate analysis, preparation of rate analysis, procedure of rate analysis for items of Earthwork, concrete works, R.C.C. works, reinforced brick work, plastering, painting, finishing(white-washing, distempering).
• Public Works Account: Introduction, function of P.W. department, contract, guidelines, types of contracts, their advantages and disadvantages, Tender and acceptance of tender, Earnest money, security money, retention money, measurement book, cash book, preparation, examination and payment of bills, first and final bills, administrative sanction, technical sanction.

10.  IRRIGATION ENGINEERING

• Water requirements of crops, factors affecting water requirement, consumptive use of water, water depth or delta and crop relation, Duty of water, relation between delta, duty and base period, Soil crop relation-ship and soil fertility. Sprinkler irrigation, Planning of sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation.Classifications of canals. Canal alignment. Silt theories-Kennedy’s theory, Lacey’s theory. Design of unlined canals based on Kennedy &Lacey’s theories.
• Lined Canals, Types of lining, selection of type of lining, Economics of lining, maintenance of lined canals, silt removal, strengthening of channel banks, and measurement of discharge in channels.
• Losses In Canals, Water Logging And Drainage Losses. Drainage of land.
• Tube -Well Irrigation. Types of tube -wells -strainer type, cavity type and slotted type. Yield or discharge of a tube well. Design of Guide Banks. Groynes or spurs – their design and classification.
• Investigation and Preparation Of Irrigation Projects: Classification of project, Project preparation-investigations, Design of works and drawings, Economics & financing of irrigation works. Theories of Seepage: Seepage force and exit gradient, salient features of Bligh’s Creep theoryand Khosla’s theory, Determination of uplift. Pressures and floor thickness.
• Design of Weirs: Weirs versus barrage, design considerations with respect to surface flow, hydraulic jump and seepage flow.Dissipation Devices: Use of hydraulic jump in energy dissipation.
• Diversion Head Works: Functions and investigations: component parts of a diversion head work, silt control devices.
• Distributary Regulators: Off-take alignment, cross-regulators. Distributary head regulators. Canal Falls: Necessity and location, types of falls and their description.
• Cross-Drainage works: Definitions, choice of type, Hydraulic design consideration, Aqueducts their types and design, siphon aqueducts – their types and design considerations. Canal Out-lets: Essential requirements, classifications, criteria for outlet behaviors.

11.  STEEL STRUCTURAL DESIGN

• Structural steels and their specifications, design specifications as per IS: 800.
• Riveted/Bolted Connection: Riveting and bolting, their types, failure of riveted joint, efficiency of a joint, stresses in bolts
• Welded Connection: Types of welded joints, design of welded joint subjected to axial loads. Axially     loaded     columns,     effective     length,     slenderness     ratio,     allowable     stresses, generalspecifications, design of axially loaded members.
• Tension Members: Types of tension members, net area, net effective area for angles, tees, design of tension members.
• Flexural Members (Beams): Design criteria, permissible stresses, laterally supported beams and their design, web buckling, web crippling.
• Design of Steel Roof Truss: design of members for the given loads
• Plate Girders: Introduction, weight and economic depth, design of flanges and web. Intermediate and bearing stiffeners.
• Design of steel foot bridge with parallel booms, carrying wooden decking using welded joints.

12.  CONCRETE STRUCTURE DESIGN

• Reinforced concrete, definition, properties of materials, grades of concrete and reinforcing steel, stress-strain curves, permissible stresses, concrete structural systems-slabs, beams, columns and foundations, design philosophies working stress design, ultimate strength and limit state design method.
• Limit State Design Method: Introduction, Limit States, Characteristic values, characteristic strength, characteristic loads, design values for materials and loads, factored loads.
• Limit State Of Collapse (Flexure). Type of failures and assumptions for analysis. Analysis of beams: Moment of Resistance.Limit State Of Collapse (Shear, bond and torsion)
• Limit State Of Serviceability. Deflection, effective span to effective depth ratio, modification factors. Analysis and design of one and two way slabs.Design of axially loaded Short columns.Flats Slabs: Advantages and disadvantages of flat Slabs, Action of Flat Slab.Analysis and design of square, rectangular and circular foundation.Overhead tanks, intze type tanks and their design including staging and foundation.

13.  GEOTECHNOLOGY (SOIL ENGINEERING)

• Basic Soil Properties:weight-volume relationships, soil grain properties, soil aggregate properties, grain size analysis, sieve analysis, sedimentation analysis, grain size distribution curves, consistency of soils, consistency limits and their determination.
• Classification of soils, classification on the basis of grain size, classification on the basis of plasticity.Permeability of Soils, Darcy’s law and its validity, discharge velocity and seepage velocity, factors affecting permeability.
• Compaction: laboratory determination of optimum moisture content, moisture density relationship, compaction in field, compaction of cohesionless soils, moderately cohesive soils and clays, field control of compaction.
• Compressibility and Consolidation: components of total settlement, consolidation process, one- dimensional consolidation test, typical void ratio-pressure relationships for sands and clays, normally consolidated and over consolidated clays. Terzaghi’s theory of one-dimensional primary consolidation. Determination of coefficients of consolidation.
• Shear Strength: relationship between principal stresses at failure, shear tests, direct shear test, unconfined compression test, tri-axial compression tests, drainage conditions and strength parameters.
• Soil Investigation: Object of soil investigation for new and existing structures. Depth ofexploration for different structures. Types of soil sample. Open Drive samples, Stationery piston sampler,Bore Hole log for S.P.T.
• Earth Pressure. lateralearth pressure. Earth pressure at rest. Rankine states of plastic equilibrium, Ka and Kp forhorizontal backfills.
• Ultimate bearing capacity, safe bearing capacity and allowable bearing capacity of soil Rankine’sanalysis and Terzaghi’s analysis.Types of failures. Plate Load test andstandard penetrationTest.
• Caissons and Wells: Major areas of use of caissons, pneumatic caissons. Essential part of a pneumatic caisson. Components of a wellfoundation.Calculation of allowable bearing pressure. Conditions for stability of a well, Forcesacting on a well foundation. Computation of scour depth.
• Earth Pressure: Earth Pressures at rest condition, states of plastic equilibrium, Rankine and Coulomb’s theories for active and passive conditions, Influence of surcharge, water table, wall friction, Rehbann’s and Culmann’s graphical methods, open cuts, Retaining Walls.
• Stability of Slopes: Infinite slope, types of failure, total and effective stress analysis, Taylor’s stability numbers.

14.  WASTE WATER ENGINEERING

• Sewerage system: Generation and Estimation of Community Sewage; Flow variations; Storm Water flow; Flow measurement in open channels; Alternate systems for sewage collection and conveyance; Drains and sewers; Sewer appurtenances; Construction and Maintenance of sewers; Sewage pumping and pumping stations. Characterization of sewage: Parameters for characterization; Sampling, testing. BOD and BOD kinetics.
• Treatment of sewage: Basic principles of sewage treatment, primary treatment units. Sedimentation tanks, Handling and disposal – thickening, stabilization, dewatering, drying and
• disposal. Sewage treatment units design: Design of grit chamber, primary and secondary  clarifiers, ASP, TF, stabilization ponds.
• Treated disposal into surface water bodies; Reuse for irrigation and aqua-culturing; Land disposal; Disposal through injection into groundwater; effluent standards
• Low cost sanitation systems– Imhoff tanks, septic tank – soakage pit/soil absorption systems;

For Sub Divisional Officer (Panchayati Raj) (Civil) In The Department Of Rural Development And Panchayat, Government Of Punjab :

1. SURVEY

• Different types of surveys. Selection of base line and stations, obstacles in chaining. Prismatic compass survey, local attraction and its elimination, adjustment of closing error, Plane Table Survey.
• Leveling, Contouring. Simple earth work calculations of areas and volumes.
• Theodolite: Different types of Theodolites, temporary & permanent adjustment, traversing with a Theodolite. Curves: Different types of curves, their degree and calculation of ordinates, and angles, their layout obstacles in curves.
• Tachometric Survey, Triangulation: Measurement of baseline, corrections for the baseline, selection of stations.
• GIS: Introduction, concepts and terminology, Utility, Data acquisition through scanners and digitizers, GPS: Introduction, working principle, various applications of GPS.
• Remote Sensing: Introduction, interaction of EMR with Earth Surface Working Principles

2. BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION

• Building Stones, Bricks, lime, cement, timber: -General, classification, Qualities, Deterioration, Uses and Various tests.
• Paints and varnishes, Distempering, white and color washing; Asphalt and Bitumen,
• Masonry: Stone & Brick: Brick masonry, Bonds and junctions, Walling, Mud wall, Sun-dried bricks, burnt bricks, stones walling, load bearing & non load bearing brick masonry for multistoried constructions, brick panel walling, reinforced masonry. Low cost housing & hollow blocks. Damp proof course. Anti-termite treatment. Form Work and Scaffolding
• Foundations: Types and suitability. Mix Design – factors influencing mix proportion I.S. code method.Repair technology: – symptoms, evaluation of crack, repair of crack, types of repair, underwater repair. Strength of Concrete – Shrinkage and temperature effects – creep of concrete – Corrosion, Permeability and Durability: Permeability, sulphate attackconcrete.
• Introduction on Pre stressed Concrete:- Basic concepts, classification and types of prestressing,

3. FLUID MECHANICS

• Fluid and their properties: Concept of fluid, Continuum concept of fluid: density, specific weight and relative density; viscosity and its dependence on temperature, vapour pressure and cavitation, compressibility and bulk modulus.
• Fluid Statics: Concept of pressure, Pascal’s law and its engineering hydrostatic paradox. Buoyancy and floatation, stability of floating and submerged bodies, Metacentric height and its determination, rotation of liquid in a cylindrical container.
• Fluid Kinematics: Classification of fluid flows, velocity and acceleration of fluid particle, local and convective acceleration, flow rate and discharge mean velocity continuity equation in Cartesian co- ordinates. . .
• Laminar and turbulent Flows: Flow regimes and Reynolds number, critical velocity and critical Reynolds number. Flow Measurement: Manometers, Pitot tubes, venturimenter

4. HYDROLOGY

• Hydrologic cycle, Scope and applications precipitation. Measurement by rain gauge, Presentation of rainfall data, Estimation of messing rainfall data. Intensity-duration-frequency curves. Factors affecting evaporation. Evaporation measurement.
• Run Off: Factors affecting run off, Estimation of run-off.
• Hydrographs: Components, Base flow separation, Derivation of unit hydrograph and its applications.

5. SOLID MECHANICS

• Simple Stresses and Strains, stress-strain curves for elastic materials, Hookes’ Law, Young’s modulus of elasticity, Bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity, temperature stresses, relation between elastic constants.
• Pure shear, principal stresses and Principal planes.
• Bending moment & shear force diagrams, Types of beams, supports and different types of loading. Relationship between Bending moment and Shear Force.
• Bending and Shear Stresses, assumption made in theory of simple bending.
• Torsion of shafts and springs, Power transmitted, sections subjected to combined bending and torsion, Deflection of Beams: Derivation of basic equation of elastic curve, deflection in beams with different end conditions and different loadings. Maxwel’s reciprocal theorem.
• Columns and Struts, Euler’s buckling loads for columns with different end conditions, limitations of Euler’s formula.

6. TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

• Different modes of transportation. Road patterns. Classification of roads.
• Highway Plans, Highway Alignment and Surveys: Factors affecting alignment. Surveys for highway alignment.Cross Section Elements and Sight Distant Considerations, friction, carriageway, formation width, land width, camber, IRC recommended values. Types of terrain Design speed. Sight distant, stopping sight distant, overtaking sight distant, overtaking zones. Critical locations for sight distant.
• Design of Horizontal and Vertical Alignment, Design of super-elevation. Providing superelevation in the field. Type and length of transition.
• Highway Materials:Soil And Aggregates: Index properties of soil, soil classification, CBR test, plate bearing test. IRC/IS specification for suitability of aggregates.
• Types of bituminous materials: bitumen, tar, cutback and emulsions. Various tests, testing procedures and IRS/IS specifications for suitability of bituminous materials in road construction. Marshall method of mix design.Types of pavements. Flexible and rigid pavements. Components of a pavement and their functions.Group Index method, CBR method (including latest IRC guidelines).
• IRC guidelines for determination of thickness of a rigid pavement. Spacingof expansion and contraction joints.
• Highway Construction : Non-Bituminous Pavements. Compacting equipments. Construction steps of Earth roads, Gravel roads, WBM roads, WMM, Construction of Cement concrete pavements. Construction of Bituminous Pavements: Various types of bituminous constructions. Prime coat, tack coat, seal coat and surface dressing. Highway Maintenance: Flexible and Cement concrete pavement failures. Highway drainage, Surface drainage: types, brief design. Types of sub-surface drainage.
• Highway Economics and FinanceMethods of economic evaluation: benefit cost ratio method, net present value method.

7. CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY

• Cost Analysis and Contract: Type of costs, cost time relationships, determining the minimum total cost of project, Resource scheduling.
• Construction Equipment and Machinery: Tractors, bull dozers, rippers, scrappers, power shovels, dragline, hoes. Factorsaffecting selection of each equipment, economic life of equipment,maintenance and repaircost.
• Hoisting & Transporting Equipments: Hosts, Winches, Cranes, Belt conveyors, Ropeways, trucks &Wagons.Plants for grading, batching, mixing, types of mixers, concrete pumps, bitumen plants.

8. STRUCTURE ANALYSIS

• Classification of structure, support conditions, Equations of static equilibrium, Degree of static and kinematic indeterminacy, Maxwell reciprocal theorem.
• Determination of forces in member of truss by method of joints and method of sections.Construction of Influence lines for reaction, shear forces and bending moment for simply supported, overhauling and compound beams.
• Analysis of three hinged parabolic, circular arch at same level and different level support. Cables and suspension bridges:- shape of a loaded cable, cable carrying point loads and UDL.
• Analysis of fixed beams, continuous beams, fixed end moments due to different types of loadings, Bending moment and shear force diagrams for fixed beams, slope and deflection of fixed beams, analysis of continuous beams by the three moment equation (Clapeyron’s theorem).
• Parabolic and circular two hinged Arches, Bending Moment Diagram for various loadings, Temperature effects.

9. WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING

• Water demand, per capita demand and variation in demand. population forecasting.
• Sources of water supply: surface and underground sources, development of wells, storage reservoir- balancing and service storage, capacity determination. Intake and transmission system distribution systems.
• Necessity for examination of water impurities in water, sampling of water, physical, chemical and bacteriological quality for domestic water supply.
• System of water supply houses connections, internal distribution, and sanitary fittings pipe joints, different types of pipes and pipes materials.
• Water treatment: unit operations in water treatment screening, sedimentation,coagulation, flocculation, sand filtration-slow, rapid, gravity and pressure filters. Methods of water treatment, aeration, taste and odor control iron and manganese removal water softening processes

10. ESTIMATION AND COSTING

• Different kinds of estimates, different methods of estimation, Estimating of Plastering, White- washing, Distempering and painting, doors and windows, lump sum items, Estimates of canals, roads etc.
• Necessity of specifications, types of specifications, general specifications, specification for bricks, Cement, sand, water, lime, reinforcement; Detailed specifications for Earthwork, Cement, concrete, brick work, floorings, D.P.C., R.C.C., Cement plastering.
• Rate Analysis: Purpose, importance and requirements of rate analysis, preparation of rate analysis, procedure of rate analysis for items of Earthwork, concrete works, R.C.C. works, reinforced brick work, plastering, painting, finishing(white-washing, distempering).
• Public Works Account: Introduction, function of P.W. department, contract, guidelines, types of contracts, their advantages and disadvantages, Tender and acceptance of tender, Earnest money, security money, retention money, measurement book, cash book, preparation, examination and payment of bills, first and final bills, administrative sanction, technical sanction.

11. IRRIGATION ENGINEERING

• Water requirements of crops, factors affecting water requirement, consumptive use of water, water depth or delta and crop relation, Duty of water, relation between delta, duty and base period, Soil crop relation-ship and soil fertility. Sprinkler irrigation, Planning of sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation.Classifications of canals. Canal alignment. Silt theories-Kennedy’s theory, Lacey’s theory. Design of unlined canals based on Kennedy &Lacey’s theories.
• Lined Canals, Types of lining, selection of type of lining, Economics of lining, maintenance of lined canals, silt removal, strengthening of channel banks, and measurement of discharge in channels.
• Losses In Canals, Water Logging And Drainage Losses. Drainage of land.
• Tube -Well Irrigation. Types of tube -wells -strainer type, cavity type and slotted type. Yield or discharge of a tube well. Design of Guide Banks. Groynes or spurs – their design and classification.
• Investigation and Preparation Of Irrigation Projects: Classification of project, Project preparation- investigations, Design of works and drawings, Economics & financing of irrigation works. Theories of Seepage: Seepage force and exit gradient, salient features of Bligh’s Creep theoryand Khosla’s theory, Determination of uplift. Pressures and floor thickness.
• Design of Weirs: Weirs versus barrage, design considerations with respect to surface flow, hydraulic jump and seepage flow.Dissipation Devices: Use of hydraulic jump in energy dissipation.
• Diversion Head Works: Functions and investigations: component parts of a diversion head work, silt control devices.
• Distributary Regulators: Off-take alignment, cross-regulators. Distributary head regulators. Canal Falls: Necessity and location, types of falls and their description.
• Cross-Drainage works: Definitions, choice of type, Hydraulic design consideration, Aqueducts their types and design, siphon aqueducts – their types and design considerations. Canal Out-lets: Essential requirements, classifications, criteria for outlet behaviors.

12. STEEL STRUCTURAL DESIGN

• Structural steels and their specifications, design specifications as per IS: 800.
• Riveted/Bolted Connection: Riveting and bolting, their types, failure of riveted joint, efficiency of a joint, stresses in bolts
• Welded Connection: Types of welded joints, design of welded joint subjected to axial loads.
• Axially loaded columns, effective length, slenderness ratio, allowable stresses, generalspecifications, design of axially loaded members.
• Tension Members: Types of tension members, net area, net effective area for angles, tees, design of tension members.
• Flexural Members (Beams): Design criteria, permissible stresses, laterally supported beams and their design, web buckling, web crippling.
• Design of Steel Roof Truss: design of members for the given loads
• Plate Girders: Introduction, weight and economic depth, design of flanges and web. Intermediate and bearing stiffeners.
• Design of steel foot bridge with parallel booms, carrying wooden decking using welded joints.

13. CONCRETE STRUCTURE DESIGN

• Reinforced concrete, definition, properties of materials, grades of concrete and reinforcing steel, stress-strain curves, permissible stresses, concrete structural systems-slabs, beams, columns and foundations, design philosophies working stress design, ultimate strength and limit state design method.
• Limit State Design Method: Introduction, Limit States, Characteristic values, characteristic strength, characteristic loads, design values for materials and loads, factored loads.
• Limit State Of Collapse (Flexure). Type of failures and assumptions for analysis. Analysis of beams: Moment of Resistance.Limit State Of Collapse (Shear, bond and torsion)
• Limit State Of Serviceability. Deflection, effective span to effective depth ratio, modification factors. Analysis and design of one and two way slabs.Design of axially loaded Short columns.Flats Slabs: Advantages and disadvantages of flat Slabs, Action of Flat Slab.Analysis and design of square, rectangular and circular foundation.Overhead tanks, intze type tanks and their design including staging and foundation.

14. GEOTECHNOLOGY (SOIL ENGINEERING)

• Basic Soil Properties:weight-volume relationships, soil grain properties, soil aggregate properties, grain size analysis, sieve analysis, sedimentation analysis, grain size distribution curves, consistency of soils, consistency limits and their determination.
• Classification of soils, classification on the basis of grain size, classification on the basis of plasticity.Permeability of Soils, Darcy’s law and its validity, discharge velocity and seepage velocity, factors affecting permeability.
• Compaction: laboratory determination of optimum moisture content, moisture density relationship, compaction in field, compaction of cohesionless soils, moderately cohesive soils and clays, field control of compaction.
• Compressibility and Consolidation: components of total settlement, consolidation process, one- dimensional consolidation test, typical void ratio-pressure relationships for sands and clays, normally consolidated and over consolidated clays. Terzaghi’s theory of one-dimensional primary consolidation. Determination of coefficients of consolidation.
• Shear Strength: relationship between principal stresses at failure, shear tests, direct shear test, unconfined compression test, tri-axial compression tests, drainage conditions and strength parameters. Soil Investigation: Object of soil investigation for new and existing structures. Depth ofexploration for different structures. Types of soil sample. Open Drive samples, Stationery piston sampler,Bore Hole log for S.P.T.
• Earth Pressure. lateralearth pressure. Earth pressure at rest. Rankine states of plastic equilibrium, Ka and Kp forhorizontal backfills.
• Ultimate bearing capacity, safe bearing capacity and allowable bearing capacity of soil Rankine’sanalysis and Terzaghi’s analysis.Types of failures. Plate Load test andstandard penetrationTest.
• Caissons and Wells: Major areas of use of caissons, pneumatic caissons. Essential part of a pneumatic caisson. Components of a wellfoundation.Calculation of allowable bearing pressure. Conditions for stability of a well, Forcesacting on a well foundation. Computation of scour depth.
• Earth Pressure: Earth Pressures at rest condition, states of plastic equilibrium, Rankine and Coulomb’s theories for active and passive conditions, Influence of surcharge, water table, wall friction, Rehbann’s and Culmann’s graphical methods, open cuts, Retaining Walls.
• Stability of Slopes: Infinite slope, types of failure, total and effective stress analysis, Taylor’s stability numbers.

15. WASTE WATER ENGINEERING

• Sewerage system: Generation and Estimation of Community Sewage; Flow variations; Storm Water flow; Flow measurement in open channels; Alternate systems for sewage collection and conveyance; Drains and sewers; Sewer appurtenances; Construction and Maintenance of sewers; Sewage pumping and pumping stations. Characterization of sewage: Parameters for characterization; Sampling, testing. BOD and BOD kinetics.
• Treatment of sewage: Basic principles of sewage treatment, primary treatment units. Sedimentation tanks, Handling and disposal – thickening, stabilization, dewatering, drying and disposal.Sewage treatment units design: Designof grit chamber, primary and secondary clarifiers, ASP, TF, stabilization ponds.
• Treated disposal into surface water bodies; Reuse for irrigation and aqua-culturing; Land disposal; Disposal through injection into groundwater; effluent standards
• Low cost sanitation systems– Imhoff tanks, septic tank – soakage pit/soil absorption systems;

For Sub Divisional Engineers (Public Health) In The Department Of Town And Country Planning (Punjab Urban Development Authority) Government Of Punjab :

1. SURVEY

• Different types of surveys. Selection of base line and stations, obstacles in chaining.Prismatic compass survey, local attraction and its elimination, adjustment of closing error, Plane Table Survey.
• Leveling, Contouring. Simple earth work calculations of areas and volumes.
• Theodolite: Different types of Theodolites, temporary & permanent adjustment, traversing with a Theodolite. Curves: Different types of curves, their degree and calculation of ordinates, and angles, their layout obstacles in curves.
• Tachometric Survey, Triangulation: Measurement of baseline, corrections for the baseline, selection of stations.
• GIS: Introduction, concepts and terminology, Utility, Data acquisition through scanners and digitizers, GPS: Introduction, working principle, various applications of GPS.
• Remote Sensing: Introduction, interaction of EMR with Earth Surface Working Principles

2.  BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION

• Building Stones, Bricks, lime, cement, timber: -General, classification, Qualities, Deterioration, Uses and Various tests.
• Paints and varnishes, Distempering, white and color washing; Asphalt and Bitumen,
• Masonry: Stone & Brick: Brick masonry, Bonds and junctions, Walling, Mud wall, Sun-dried bricks, burnt bricks, stones walling, load bearing & non load bearing brick masonry for multistoried constructions, brick panel walling, reinforced masonry. Low cost housing & hollow blocks. Damp proof course.Anti-termite treatment.Form Work and Scaffolding
• Foundations: Types and suitability. Mix Design – factors influencing mix proportion I.S. code method. Repair technology: – symptoms, evaluation of crack, repair of crack, types of repair, underwater repair. Strength of Concrete – Shrinkage and temperature effects – creep of concrete – Corrosion, Permeability and Durability: Permeability, sulphate attackconcrete.
• Introduction on Pre stressed Concrete:- Basic concepts, classification and types of prestressing,

3. FLUID MECHANICS

• Fluid and their properties: Concept of fluid, Continuum concept of fluid: density, specific weight and relative density; viscosity and its dependence on temperature, vapour pressure and cavitation, compressibility and bulk modulus.
• Fluid Statics: Concept of pressure, Pascal’s law and its engineering hydrostatic paradox. Buoyancy and floatation, stability of floating and submerged bodies, Metacentric height and its determination, rotation of liquid in a cylindrical container.
• Fluid Kinematics: Classification of fluid flows, velocity and acceleration of fluid particle, local and convective acceleration, flow rate and discharge mean velocity continuity equation in Cartesian co-
• ordinates.
• Laminar and turbulent Flows: Flow regimes and Reynolds number, critical velocity and critical Reynolds number. Flow Measurement: Manometers, Pitot tubes, venturimenter

4. HYDROLOGY

• Hydrologic cycle, Scope and applications precipitation.Measurement by rain gauge, Presentation of rainfall data, Estimation of messing rainfall data. Intensity-duration-frequency curves. Factors affecting evaporation.Evaporation measurement.
• Run Off: Factors affecting run off, Estimation of run-off.
• Hydrographs: Components, Base flow separation, Derivation of unit hydrograph and its applications.

5. SOLID MECHANICS

• Simple Stresses and Strains, stress-strain curves for elastic materials, Hookes’ Law, Young’s modulus of elasticity, Bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity, temperature stresses, relation between elastic constants.
• Pure shear, principal stresses and Principal planes.
• Bending moment & shear force diagrams, Types of beams, supports and different types of loading. Relationship between Bending moment and Shear Force.
• Bending and Shear Stresses, assumption made in theory of simple bending.
• Torsion of shafts and springs, Power transmitted, sections subjected to combined bending and torsion, Deflection of Beams: Derivation of basic equation of elastic curve, deflection in beams with different end conditions and different loadings. Maxwel’s reciprocal theorem.
• Columns and Struts, Euler’s buckling loads for columns with different end conditions, limitations of Euler’s formula.

6. TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

• Different modes of transportation.Road patterns.Classification of roads.
• Highway Plans, Highway Alignment and Surveys: Factors affecting alignment. Surveys for highway alignment.Cross Section Elements and Sight Distant Considerations, friction, carriageway, formation width, land width, camber, IRC recommended values. Types of terrain Design speed. Sight distant, stopping sight distant, overtaking sight distant, overtaking zones.Critical locations for sight distant.
• Design of Horizontal and Vertical Alignment, Design of super-elevation.Providing superelevation in the field.Type and length of transition.
• Highway Materials:Soil And Aggregates: Index properties of soil, soil classification, CBR test, plate bearing test. IRC/IS specification for suitability of aggregates.
• Types of bituminous materials: bitumen, tar, cutback and emulsions. Various tests, testing procedures and IRS/IS specifications for suitability of bituminous materials in road construction. Marshall method of mix design.Types of pavements. Flexible and rigid pavements.Components of a pavement and their functions.Group Index method, CBR method (including latest IRC guidelines).
• IRC guidelines for determination of thickness of a rigid pavement.Spacingof expansion and contraction joints.
• Highway Construction : Non-Bituminous Pavements. Compacting equipments. Construction steps of Earth roads, Gravel roads, WBM roads, WMM, Construction of Cement concrete pavements. Construction of Bituminous Pavements: Various types of bituminous constructions. Prime coat, tack coat, seal coat and surface dressing. Highway Maintenance: Flexible and Cement concrete pavement failures. Highway drainage, Surface drainage: types, brief design. Types of sub-surface drainage.
• Highway Economics and FinanceMethods of economic evaluation: benefit cost ratio method, net present value method.

7. CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY

• Cost Analysis and Contract: Type of costs, cost time relationships, determining the minimum total cost of project, Resource scheduling.
• Construction Equipment and Machinery: Tractors, bull dozers, rippers, scrappers, power shovels, dragline, hoes. Factorsaffecting selection of each equipment, economic life of equipment,maintenance and repaircost.
• Hoisting & Transporting Equipments: Hosts, Winches, Cranes, Belt conveyors, Ropeways, trucks &Wagons.Plants for grading, batching, mixing, types of mixers, concrete pumps, bitumen plants.

8. STRUCTURE ANALYSIS

• Classification of structure, support conditions, Equations of static equilibrium, Degree of static and kinematic indeterminacy, Maxwell reciprocal theorem.
• Determination of forces in member of truss by method of joints and method of sections.Construction of Influence lines for reaction, shear forces and bending moment for simply supported, overhauling and compound beams.
• Analysis of three hinged parabolic, circular arch at same level and different level support. Cables and suspension bridges:-shape of a loaded cable, cable carrying point loads and UDL.
• Analysis of fixed beams, continuous beams, fixed end moments due to different types of loadings, Bending moment and shear force diagrams for fixed beams, slope and deflection of fixed beams, analysis of continuous beams by the three moment equation (Clapeyron’s theorem).
• Parabolic and circular two hinged Arches, Bending Moment Diagram for various loadings, Temperature effects.

9. WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING

• Water demand, per capita demand and variation in demand.population forecasting.
• Sources of water supply: surface and underground sources, development of wells, storage reservoir- balancing and service storage, capacity determination. Intake and transmission system distribution systems.
• Necessity for examination of water impurities in water, sampling of water, physical, chemical and bacteriological quality for domestic water supply.
• System of water supply houses connections, internal distribution, and sanitary fittings pipe joints, different types of pipes and pipes materials.
• Water treatment: unit operations in water treatment screening, sedimentation,coagulation, flocculation, sand filtration-slow, rapid, gravity and pressure filters. Methods of water treatment, aeration, taste and odor control iron and manganese removal water softening processes

10. ESTIMATION AND COSTING

• Different kinds of estimates, different methods of estimation, Estimating of Plastering, White- washing, Distempering and painting, doors and windows, lump sum items, Estimates of canals, roads etc.
• Necessity of specifications, types of specifications, general specifications, specification for bricks, Cement, sand, water, lime, reinforcement; Detailed specifications for Earthwork, Cement, concrete, brick work, floorings, D.P.C., R.C.C., Cement plastering.
• Rate Analysis: Purpose, importance and requirements of rate analysis, preparation of rate analysis, procedure of rate analysis for items of Earthwork, concrete works, R.C.C. works, reinforced brick work, plastering, painting, finishing(white-washing, distempering).
• Public Works Account: Introduction, function of P.W. department, contract, guidelines, types of contracts, their advantages and disadvantages, Tender and acceptance of tender, Earnest money, security money, retention money, measurement book, cash book, preparation, examination and payment of bills, first and final bills, administrative sanction, technical sanction.

11. IRRIGATION ENGINEERING

• Water requirements of crops, factors affecting water requirement, consumptive use of water, water depth or delta and crop relation, Duty of water, relation between delta, duty and base period, Soil crop relation-ship and soil fertility. Sprinkler irrigation, Planning of sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation.Classifications of canals. Canal alignment. Silt theories-Kennedy’s theory, Lacey’s theory. Design of unlined canals based on Kennedy &Lacey’s theories.
• Lined Canals, Types of lining, selection of type of lining, Economics of lining, maintenance of lined canals, silt removal, strengthening of channel banks, and measurement of discharge in channels.
• Losses In Canals, Water Logging And Drainage Losses. Drainage of land.
• Tube -Well Irrigation. Types of tube -wells -strainer type, cavity type and slotted type. Yield or discharge of a tube well. Design of Guide Banks.Groynes or spurs – their design and classification.
• Investigation and Preparation Of Irrigation Projects: Classification of project, Project preparation- investigations, Design of works and drawings, Economics & financing of irrigation works. Theories of Seepage: Seepage force and exit gradient, salient features of Bligh’s Creep theoryandKhosla’s theory, Determination of uplift. Pressures and floor thickness.
• Design of Weirs: Weirs versus barrage, design considerations with respect to surface flow, hydraulic jump and seepage flow.Dissipation Devices: Use of hydraulic jump in energy dissipation.
• Diversion Head Works: Functions and investigations: component parts of a diversion head work, silt control devices.
• Distributary Regulators: Off-take alignment, cross-regulators. Distributary head regulators. Canal Falls: Necessity and location, types of falls and their description.
• Cross-Drainage works: Definitions, choice of type, Hydraulic design consideration, Aqueducts their
• types and design, siphon aqueducts – their types and design considerations. Canal Out-lets: Essential requirements, classifications, criteria for outlet behaviors.

12.   STEEL STRUCTURAL DESIGN

• Structural steels and their specifications, design specifications as per IS: 800.
• Riveted/Bolted Connection: Riveting and bolting, their types, failure of riveted joint, efficiency of a joint, stresses in bolts
• Welded Connection: Types of welded joints, design of welded joint subjected to axial loads.
• Axially loaded columns, effective length, slenderness ratio, allowable stresses, generalspecifications, design of axially loaded members.
• Tension Members: Types of tension members, net area, net effective area for angles, tees, design of tension members.
• Flexural Members (Beams): Design criteria, permissible stresses, laterally supported beams and their design, web buckling, web crippling.
• Design of Steel Roof Truss: design of members for the given loads
• Plate Girders: Introduction, weight and economic depth, design of flanges and web. Intermediate and bearing stiffeners.
• Design of steel foot bridge with parallel booms, carrying wooden decking using welded joints.

13. CONCRETE STRUCTURE DESIGN

• Reinforced concrete, definition, properties of materials, grades of concrete and reinforcing steel, stress-strain curves, permissible stresses, concrete structural systems-slabs, beams, columns and foundations, design philosophies working stress design, ultimate strength and limit state design method.
• Limit State Design Method: Introduction, Limit States, Characteristic values, characteristic strength, characteristic loads, design values for materials and loads, factored loads.
• Limit State Of Collapse (Flexure). Type of failures and assumptions for analysis. Analysis of beams: Moment of Resistance.Limit State Of Collapse (Shear, bond and torsion)
• Limit State Of Serviceability. Deflection, effective span to effective depth ratio, modification factors. Analysis and design of one and two way slabs.Design of axially loaded Short columns.Flats Slabs: Advantages and disadvantages of flat Slabs, Action of Flat Slab.Analysis and design of square, rectangular and circular foundation.Overhead tanks, intze type tanks and their design including staging and foundation.

14. GEOTECHNOLOGY (SOIL ENGINEERING)

• Basic Soil Properties:weight-volume relationships, soil grain properties, soil aggregate properties, grain size analysis, sieve analysis, sedimentation analysis, grain size distribution curves, consistency of soils, consistency limits and their determination.
• Classification of soils, classification on the basis of grain size, classification on the basis of plasticity.Permeability of Soils, Darcy’s law and its validity, discharge velocity and seepage velocity, factors affecting permeability.
• Compaction: laboratory determination of optimum moisture content, moisture density relationship, compaction in field, compaction of cohesionless soils, moderately cohesive soils and clays, field control of compaction.
• Compressibility and Consolidation: components of total settlement, consolidation process, one- dimensional consolidation test, typical void ratio-pressure relationships for sands and clays, normally consolidated and over consolidated clays. Terzaghi’s theory of one-dimensional primary consolidation.Determination of coefficients of consolidation.
• Shear Strength: relationship between principal stresses at failure, shear tests, direct shear test, unconfined compression test, tri-axial compression tests, drainage conditions and strength parameters. Soil Investigation: Object of soil investigation for new and existing structures. Depth ofexploration for different structures. Types of soil sample. Open Drive samples, Stationery piston sampler,Bore Hole log for S.P.T.
• Earth Pressure.lateralearth pressure. Earth pressure at rest.Rankine states of plastic equilibrium, Ka and Kpforhorizontal backfills.
• Ultimate bearing capacity, safe bearing capacity and allowable bearing capacity of soil Rankine’sanalysis and Terzaghi’sanalysis.Types of failures. Plate Load test andstandardpenetrationTest.
• Caissons and Wells: Major areas of use of caissons, pneumatic caissons. Essential part of a pneumatic caisson.Components of a wellfoundation.Calculation of allowable bearing pressure.Conditions for stability of a well, Forcesacting on a well foundation.Computation of scour depth.
• Earth Pressure: Earth Pressures at rest condition, states of plastic equilibrium, Rankine and Coulomb’s theories for active and passive conditions, Influence of surcharge, water table, wall friction, Rehbann’s and Culmann’s graphical methods, open cuts, Retaining Walls.
• Stability of Slopes: Infinite slope, types of failure, total and effective stress analysis, Taylor’s stability numbers.

15. WASTE WATER ENGINEERING

• Sewerage system: Generation and Estimation of Community Sewage; Flow variations; Storm Water flow; Flow measurement in open channels; Alternate systems for sewage collection and conveyance; Drains and sewers; Sewer appurtenances; Construction and Maintenance of sewers; Sewage pumping and pumping stations. Characterizationof sewage: Parameters for characterization; Sampling, testing. BOD and BOD kinetics.
• Treatment of sewage:Basic principles of sewage treatment, primary treatment units. Sedimentation tanks, Handling and disposal – thickening, stabilization, dewatering, drying and disposal.Sewage treatment units design: Designof grit chamber, primary and secondary clarifiers, ASP, TF, stabilization ponds.
• Treated disposal into surface water bodies; Reuse for irrigation and aqua-culturing; Land disposal; Disposal through injection into groundwater; effluent standards
• Low cost sanitation systems– Imhoff tanks, septic tank – soakage pit/soil absorption systems;

Important Link Area for Punjab PSC Sub Divisional Engineer Syllabus :

Admit Card	Punjab PSC Sub Divisional Engineer Admit Card
Recruitment Details	Punjab PSC Sub Divisional Engineer Recruitment
Official Website	https://ppsc.gov.in/